| 4/0:
4/0 is a trade designation
for a printed piece with four colors (full-color)
printing on the front side and no printing on the
back side.
4/1:
4/1 is a trade designation for a
printed piece with four colors (full-color) printing
on the front side and one-color printing on the back
side.
4/4:
4/4 is a trade designation for a
printed piece with four colors (full-color) printing
on both the front and the back side.
Art Work:
Any materials or images that
are prepared for graphic reproduction.
Bindery:
Various methods of securing
together folded sections and/or fastening them to a
cover to form single copies of a book.
Bleed:
An extra ink area that crosses the
trim line to allow for variations that occur when
the reproduction is trimmed or die-cut.
Brightness:
In paper, brightness is the
reflectance or brilliance of the paper.
Brochure:
A pamphlet that is bound in
booklet form.
Coated Stock:
Any paper that has a mineral
coating applied after the paper is made, giving the
paper a smoother finish.
Copy:
Refers to any typewritten material,
art, photos, etc. used in the printing process.
Cover:
A term describing a general type of
paper used for the covers of books, pamphlets, etc.
Crop Mark:
Markings at edges of an
original or guide sheet to indicate the area desired
in reproduction with negative or plate trimmed
(cropped) at the markings.
Die:
Design, letters or shapes, cut into
metal (mostly brass) for stamping book covers or
embossing. Also, an engraved stamp used for
impressing an image or design.
Die Cutting:
A method of using sharp
steel-ruled stamps or rollers to cut various shapes
like labels, boxes, image shapes, etc. either
post-press or in-line. The process of cutting paper
in a shape or design by the use of a wooden die or
block in which steel rules are positioned in the
shape of the desired pattern.
Digital Proof:
Color separation data,
digitally stored and then exposed to color
photographic paper creating a picture of the final
product before it is actually printed.
DPI:
Abbreviation for “dots per inch.”
Dull Finish:
Any matte-finished paper.
Dummy:
A term used to
describe the preliminary assemblage of copy and art
elements to be reproduced in the desired finished
product; also called a “comp.”
Duotone:
Color reproduction from a
monochrome original. The key plate is usually
printed in dark color for detail, with the second
plate printed in light flat tints. A two-color
halftone reproduction generated from a one-color
photo.
Embossing:
To raise in relief a design
or letters already printed on card stock or heavy
paper by an un-inked block or die. In rubber and
plastic platemaking, the process is usually done by
heat.
Estimate:
The form used by the printer
to calculate the project’s cost for the print buyer.
This form contains the basic parameters of the
project including size, quantity, colors, bleeds,
photos, etc.
Foils:
Papers that have a surface resembling
metal.
Font:
The characters which make up a
complete typeface and size.
Four-Color Printing:
Four-color printing
is the process by cyan, magenta, yellow, and black
inks used to create a full-color image.
Gripper:
A series of metal fingers
that hold each sheet of paper as it passes through
the various stages of the printing process.
Indicia:
Markings pre-printed on
mailing envelopes to replace the stamp.
Inserts:
Extra printed pages inserted
loosely into printed pieces.
Layout:
A rendition that shows the
placement of all the elements, roughs, thumbnails,
etc. of the final printed piece before it goes to
print.
Linen:
A paper that emulates the look and
texture of linen cloth.
Make Ready:
The process of adjusting the
final plate on the press to fine-tune or modify the
plate’s surface.
Match Print:
The photographic proof made
from all color flats and form composite proofs,
showing color quality as well as accuracy, layout
and imposition before plates are made.
Matte Finish:
Paper stock with a satin
finish as opposed to a high gloss.
Offset:
The most commonly used
printing method, whereby the printed material does
not receive the ink directly from the printing
plate, but from an intermediary cylinder called a
blanket, which receives the ink from the plate and
transfers it to the paper.
Opacity:
The quality of paper that
defines its opaqueness or ability to prevent
two-sided printing from showing through.
Opaque:
A quality of paper
that allows relatively little light to pass through.
Perforating:
Punching small holes or
slits in a sheet of paper or cardboard to facilitate
tearing along a desired line.
PMS:
Abbreviation for pantone matching
systems.
Primary Colors:
In printing the four primary
colors are cyan (blue), magenta (red), yellow and
black.
Register Marks:
Any cross-marks or other
symbols used on a layout to assure proper
registration.
Saddle Stitching:
Stitching where the
wire staples pass through the spine from the outside
and are clinched in the center. Only used with
folded sections, either single sections or two or
more sections inset to form a single section.
Satin Finish:
A smooth, delicately
embossed finished paper with sheen.
Score:
Impressions or cuts in flat material
to facilitate bending or tearing.
Self Cover:
A cover made out of the same
paper stock as the internal sheets.
Spine:
The back edge of a book.
Spiral Bind:
A binding whereby a wire or
plastic is spiraled through holes punched along the
binding side.
Spot Color:
A small area printed in a
second color.
Stock:
A term for unprinted paper or other
material to be printed.
Text:
A high-quality printing paper.
Trim Marks:
Marks placed on the sheet to
indicate where to cut the page.
UV Coating:
The liquid applied to a
printed sheet, then bonded and cured with
ultraviolet light, yielding a tough, almost
unscratchable surface that is extremely durable.
Varnish:
A clear, shiny ink used to
add gloss to printed pieces.
Wove:
A smooth paper made on finely
textured wire that gives the paper a gentle
patterned finish.
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